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Two previous studies evaluated the effect of slice thickness and found that smaller slice thicknesses gave more accurate results. Although technical parameters of CT scans might have an impact on volume measurements, no published studies have assessed the impact of tube current (mA), tube potential (kV), imaging algorithm, window level, or contrast enhancement on volume measurements. No studies were found in which intra- or interobserver variability of canine prostate CT volume measurement had been analyzed.
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19 Based on our review of previous literature, no published studies described measuring canine prostate volume using OsiriX ® and compared it with a reference standard method.
#OSIRIX VIEWER FOR MAC SOFTWARE#
For example, Amira ® software has been used to measure the CT volume of the canine 12 (version 6.2, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA) and human prostate 20 (version 3.1, Berlin, Germany), and OsiriX ® (Geneva, Switzerland) software has been used for measurements of the human liver 17, 18 and orbita. Many of these have been used in volume measurement studies of multiple organs with or without reference methods. The number of different DICOM viewer software programs available for assessing CT images is extensive, and currently, many software programs have specific tools for CT volume measurements. 17 Computed tomography volume measurements have recently reached an accuracy of ☐.8%, 12 compared with ±5% 14 to ☑0% 15 in the early 1980s. 9- 13 Accurate volume measurements allow development of reference value ranges and serve as an objective tool for characterizing severity of prostatomegaly.Ĭomputed tomography volumes of objects and organs in both dogs and humans have been compared with reference volumes, with actual volumes determined by the water displacement method 12, 14, 15 or known water content, 12, 15, 16 or with resection weights. 9- 13 Earlier, one-dimensional parameters, such as length, width, and height, have been measured later, prostate volume has been calculated by advanced software. 9- 13 Prostate gland boundaries, lesions, location, and surrounding tissues are more visible in CT than with ultrasonographic imaging, allowing more exact measurements to be taken. Several studies on dogs have shown CT imaging to be a reliable tool for investigating prostate gland structure and size. 4- 8 Recently, computed tomography (CT) has become widely available in small animal practice. 1- 5 Traditionally, the size of the prostate gland has been evaluated using subjective assessments such as rectal palpation or radiographic or ultrasonographic imaging. Prostate diseases are common among intact male dogs and often lead to prostate gland enlargement.